Tina Turner

Tina Turner (conceived Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American vocalist and entertainer whose profession has traversed over 50 years. She has won various honors and her accomplishments in the exciting music kind have earned her the title The Queen of Rock ‘n' Roll.[1][2][3] Turner began her music vocation with spouse Ike Turner as an individual from the Ike and Tina Turner Revue.[4] Success followed with a series of hits including â€Å"River Deep, Mountain High† and the 1971 hit â€Å"Proud Mary†. With the distribution of her collection of memoirs I, Tina (1986), Turner uncovered extreme occasions of spousal maltreatment against her by Ike Turner before their 1976 split and ensuing 1978 separation. After basically vanishing from the music scene for quite a while following her separation from Ike Turner, she modified her profession, propelling a series of hits starting in 1983 with the single â€Å"Let's Stay Together† and the 1984 arrival of her fifth independent collection Private Dancer. Her melodic vocation prompted film jobs, starting with a noticeable job as The Acid Queen in the 1975 film Tommy, and an appearance in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. She featured inverse Mel Gibson as Aunty Entity in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome for which she got the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture, and her adaptation of the film's topic, â€Å"We Don't Need Another Hero†, was a hit single. She showed up in the 1993 film Last Action Hero. One of the world's most famous performers, Turner has been known as the best female stone artist[5] and was named â€Å"one of the best artists of all time† by Rolling Stone.[6] Her collections and singles have sold about 180 million duplicates worldwide.[7][8] She has sold more show passes than some other independent music entertainer in history.[9][10] She is known for her lively stage presence,[2] amazing vocals, vocation longevity,[9] and across the board appeal.[11] In 2008, Turner left semi-retirement to set out on her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour.[12][13] Turner's visit got one of the most noteworthy selling tagged shows of 2008-2009.[8] Turner was brought into the world a Baptist, however changed over to Buddhism and credits the profound serenades with invigorating her the that she expected to get past the harsh times.[14]

Business Ethics Within Today Free Essays

Business Ethics inside Today’s Business See Yang University of Phoenix Business Ethics inside Today’s Business Ethics are critical to all businessmen. However, many disregard morals as a significant part that plays a significant effect upon a person’s accomplishment as a pioneer or guide. Moral predicaments are confronted ordinarily in the general public. We will compose a custom article test on Business Ethics Within Today or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Which in today’s business world moral issues like provocation, irreconcilable circumstance, and client certainty issues does influences the network and association. Business morals isn't something that normally happens inside an association. It’s a culture that upper administration and workers need to develop from the beginning, causes the organization to handle moral issues going up against the business. In this manner, business morals looks at moral standards and good or moral issue that emerge in a business situation, which applies to all part of business direct and are applicable to the lead of people and business associations all together (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Nonetheless, business morals makes proficient mentalities and practices all through the association and the general condition. In today’s business world, badgering isn't trifled with. Badgering or lewd behavior is sexual conduct toward someone else with undesirable contact with the other individual. Badgering isn't when two individuals meet up and kiss yet when somebody is offering inconsiderate remarks or attempting to have sexual contact with someone else without consent. Since provocation is a type of separation badgering is a moral issue that prevents laborers from playing out their obligations because of miss treatment and shamefulness (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Another moral issue is irreconcilable situations. Irreconcilable situation incorporates issues as pay-offs, impact and special data. For instance, if an individual was working for a retail organization and was additionally utilized by another retail organization simultaneously would be think about an irreconcilable situation. Because of important data the individual holds about the organization, accordingly the organization would anticipate that the individual should stop or search for another activity. Irreconcilable situation can likewise happen by holding an individual relationship with another associate and dispersing unpredictable limits to different merchants when the markdown is implied only for the specialist. As an organization, evading irreconcilable situation is the most ideal approach. Clashes could cause loss of business and partnership or law and government charges. Client certainty issues are another moral issue. It incorporates subjects, for example, classification and truth in promoting. Secrecy is fundamentally the security of the client. The security ensures the customer’s individual data on deals and money. As a worker, truth in publicizing assumes a tremendous job in client assistance. On the off chance that a representative is advancing something and isn't advancing the best possible data, the organization could lose a significant measure of cash contingent upon the circumstance. Just as losing clients and business. Client certainty has a truism, â€Å"the client is consistently right† (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Most organizations utilize the adage to forestall pressure between the partnership and the client and give consumer loyalty. Provocation, irreconcilable circumstance, and client certainty issues are a portion of the business moral issues, which are regular in ordinary business. An individual can settle on a solitary choice that can have a negative or constructive outcome around their environmental factors. Organizations settle on the decisions through being straightforward or lying. In any case, it will figure out what destiny the business would fall in. A business who esteems hard working attitudes would be a business esteemed by the clients. Reference Trevino, L. K. , Nelson, K. A. (2007). Overseeing businessethics: Straight discussion about how to do it right (fourth ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Recovered January 3, 2010,from ecampus. phoenix. edu Step by step instructions to refer to Business Ethics Within Today, Papers

What Do Librarians Read

What Do Librarians Read Gloria Steinem celebrated librarians with some big words last  week. “I think your profession is the greatest profession on earth, she told librarians at the 2015 ALA Annual Conference. I really do want to emphasize, in case you’re feeling unappreciated, how important your role is. I’m here to make you not humble. You democratize knowledge. Nothing on earth is more important.” In honor of this noble profession, I’m reviving my “What Do Librarians Read?” series, asking librarians around the country about their personal reading lists. Gloria Steinem, take noteâ€"and get ready for your TBR pile to grow two sizes. Gwen Glazer | New York Public Library What Im reading now: Missoula by Jon Krakauer (devastating), Placebo Junkies by J.C. Carleson (creative YA), and The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jamison (great essays, best consumed in small bites). Whats on my to-be-read list: 500+ books! The Story of My Teeth by Valeria Luiselli; An Instance of the Fingerpost by Iain Pears; The Martian by Andy Weir, as soon as I get it off the holds list; the original Tales of the City by Armistead Maupin, which Ive been meaning to read for ages. How I choose my next book: I ask other librarians, of course! (Heres my shameless plug for our new Twitter feed, @NYPLRecommendsâ€"tons of staff picks and personalized recommendations!) Im also obsessed with Goodreads; I frequently fall down rabbit holes there and emerge with a dozen new books on my list. I love book-related podcasts, like Literary Disco and Pop Culture Happy Hour, and I read lots of reviews and author interviews online. Favorite book to recommend: It depends so much on the person asking the question, but for people who like dystopian fiction and/or character-driven stories, I like to recommend Arcadia by Lauren Groff. Its about a boy growing up in a commune that was supposed to be a utopia, and its an interesting contrast to the apocalyptic books many of us are drawn to right now. â€" Alyson Pope | Barbour Library at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary What Im reading now: The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho Whats on my to-be-read list: Up next I want to read Case Histories by Kate Atkinson. I am coming off of a Tana French inspired detective novel kick, and I have been recommended Atkinson by several fellow crime novel readers. How I choose my next book: I usually pick my next books through a mishmash of trusted recommendations, internet reviews, and authors I already know I like. And gifts from my momâ€"she buys me a lot of books. Favorite book to recommend: Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn. I know its been recommended to death, but it deserves it. Ive recommended it to everyone from a teenage neighbor girl to my 70-year-old father and theyve all finished it in a matter of days and been completely fired up by the ending. â€" Rachel Kitzmann | Los Angeles Public Library, Los Feliz Branch What I’m reading now: Currently, Im reading a few things: Les Miserables by Victor Hugo, and Sylvia and Aki by Winifred Conkling. Ive taken to reading something I call an all year read as part of my New Years resolutions, which is what Les Mis is. Im reading Sylvia and Aki for an award committee called FOCAL, which stands for Friends of Children and Literature, an organization that supports the Childrens Literature Department at the Richard J. Riordan Central Library. I like reading multiple booksâ€"it allows me to engage different parts of my imagination! What’s on my to-be-read list: Like most librarians, my to-be-read list is pretty expansive. According to Goodreads, my list is at 187. I also use LAPL Readsâ€"the book recommendation/book list side of the LAPL website. Its fun to see what my colleagues recommend, and the booklists are phenomenal! I usually alternate between an adult book and a kids’ book. When I finish Sylvia and Aki, Im going to pick up The Golem and the Jinni by Helene Wecker. I have a fondness for fantasy-historical fiction! How I choose my next book: Whim, mostly. I have lists and lists of books to read, but then I go to LAPL Reads, or something catches my eye. I really should be more methodical, but theres just so many wonderful books out there! Favorite book to recommend: All of them? To paraphrase something often said in the library world, the goal is always the right book at the right time for the right person. Sometimes that means a heavy duty Freud biography or the latest Jennifer Crusie. However, when I get adults who are new to the area and it is their first time in the library, I generally recommend anything by Raymond Chandler. A surprising number of people have never read him, and since so many of his books are set in Los Angeles, chances are people will recognize streets and locations. Its really fun when someone comes back and tells me they live on one of the streets mentioned in The Big Sleep or Farewell My Lovely.

Essay on The Philosophy of Education - 650 Words

In order for a society to function, individuals must be productive members of that society. This is accomplished through education. The philosophy of education is determined by society. As society changes so does the concept of education. Education is needed for individuals to function in society. Without the proper tools, people would be a burden instead of an asset. To become an asset, individuals need to be exposed to those elements which would enrich their lives through knowledge. Knowledge in our society is basically learned through education. The basic knowledge each person should receive from an education is the three R’s; reading writing, and arithmetic. These mediums will enable a person to survive in today’s society.†¦show more content†¦Education can bring these individual talents to the surface. Having these talents developed by the way of the educational system, a person is more likely to become a productive member of society. Without these gifts and talents of individuals, answers in the medical, environmental, and social fields could remain mute and unexplored. Education has the responsibilities to bring out the best in each individual. The needs of society are continually changi ng. Therefore, education must also continue to change in order to productive responsible members of society. Education a hundred years ago is far different from the education today. Each generation is exposed to more and more information. This information needs to be processed and delivered to individuals. Education is the vehicle to do this. Reading, Writing and arithmetic will always be the backbone to education. However, education must also look at society and determine what more is needed to do. In our society today, computer and AIMS testing are the main focal point. Over ten years ago, high school students were being exposed to the use of the computer. Today in the 21st Century, children in kindergarten are receiving the necessary information to become computer literate. Without education keeping its eyes on what is happening in society, the next generation will be left behind. Education is the eyes and ears for society. The young people in schools are receivingShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy : Philosophy Of Education1328 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Education Jihyae Choe Liberty University TESL 419 â€Æ' Philosophy of Education A good educator decides the direction of teaching based on a resolute educational philosophy. A firm and resolute philosophy does not equate with a fixed perspective, instead it is a strong foundation that can stabilize the life long educational career. In order to establish a firm philosophical basis, passion toward education should accompany proper understanding. Successful educators who establishedRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education828 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Teachers, especially those in the early years of school, have the extraordinary task of instilling a life-long love of learning in their students. We are there to cultivate their young minds in an arena where children feel safe and secure while expanding and exploring their knowledge of the world around them. We are to create responsible, productive and model citizens of the world. We are given an incredible task to carry out! With that in mind, however education needsRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education1866 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosophy of Education An educational philosophy gives teachers and all educators’ ways to use problem solving in schools. For a lot of practitioners, actual teaching has been reduced to action lacking of a rationale or justification. According to Alan Sadovick, the author of our textbook, a philosophy of education is â€Å"firmly rooted in practice, whereas philosophy, as a discipline, stands on its own with no specific end in mind† (Sadovnik, 2013, pg. 179). All teachers and prospective teachers haveRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs is called a philosophy of education. â€Å"A philosophy of education represents answers to questions about the purpose of schooling, a teacher s role, and what should be taught and by what methods† (Philosophy of Education). Educational philosophies differ among all individuals in education. With individual educators, some choose a teacher-centered philosophy and others choose a student-centered philosop hy. It appears that both realms of philosophy play an important role in education inside the typicalRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe philosophy of education is not a topic that can be fully taught and understood by reading and studying a textbook, or a few textbooks for that matter. I believe that the philosophy of education is somewhat subjective, rather than objective, and that there exists numerous answers to what is the â€Å"philosophy of education†. I feel that one’s answers can not be expressed with a single word nor a sentence; and that one has to â€Å"experience† rather than just read to find the answer. Yes, a huge part ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe philosophy of education seeks to study the process and discipline of education in order to understand how it works, improve its methods and perfect its purposes in today’s society. How this is done is determined by how well the learner internalizes the concepts of the discipline taught by the educator. Educators have a tremendous responsibility not only to prepare students for their lives ahead, but also to contribute to the evolution of knowledge for future generations. Each generation notRead MorePhilosophy Of Education And Education928 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education I believe philosophy of education is defined with learning in many ways. In order to reach a certain level of learning there’s recourse along the way that defines the person and goal. John Dewey said â€Å"educational philosophy centers pragmatism and the method of learning by doing.† Purpose of Schooling A hundred years ago the definition and purpose of schooling changed tremendously. There was a point in time where education was very mediocre and a diploma was not requiredRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MorePhilosophy : The Liberalistic Philosophy Of Education807 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education 2 Perspective: The Liberalistic Philosophy of Education The empowerment of individuals within a community appeared to be nonexistent in Greek philosopher Plato s, Allegory of the Cave. Preferentially, it was simply not within the range of one s knowledge, experience, or understanding; strange; therefore, unfamiliar. Greek philosopher Plato, an astute student of Socrates, his focal point - an advocate

Review Of Oedipus The King - 1933 Words

Summer Reading Assignment: Oedipus the King Name: Arnav Chawla Bellevue School District Interlake High School/Gifted English 9 By carefully reading the summer reading drama and completing this packet over the summer, which you need to bring to class on the first day of school, you will be prepared to discuss the play in the fall, to take a summer reading quiz and begin literary discussion using your book and packet as the basis for your responses. As you read the play, Oedipus the King, in preparation for the unit, you will first need to understand some of the basic elements of the play. THIS SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT MUST BE WORD-PROCESSED. To be clear: The summer reading assignment is only Oedipus the King, NOT the two†¦show more content†¦Sophocles also shows nobility in Oedipus, how he continued to pursue the truth to help his people even though it caused him suffering. Instructions: Summarize the story of Oedipus and the Sphinx. The city of Thebes was under threat by the Sphinx, a winged lion with the face of a human. The sphinx would only leave the city alone if someone could solve her riddle. If the riddle was answered incorrectly, then the guesser would be killed. The riddle was â€Å"What is it that walks on four feet, three feet and two feet†¦ and is most feeble when it walks on four?† Oedipus correctly answered the riddle with â€Å"man† and the Sphinx threw herself to death on the rocks and due to death of Laius and other circumstances Oedipus became the new king of Thebes. SECTION 3: Dramatic Plot: In ten sentences, summarize the drama’s basic plot. 1. Oedipus arrives in Thebes and unknowingly kills the king and his father (Laius). 2. Oedipus correctly answered the riddle of the sphinx and becomes the ruler of Thebes. 3. Oedipus learns that Laius was murdered and recruited Creon to further investigate. 4. Oedipus announces that severe consequences will be imposed on the murder of Laius or anyone who is hiding information. 5.Oedipus speaks with the future seer, Tiresias, during their conversation Tiresias makes wild accusations 6. Oedipus calls out Creon for â€Å"making† Tiresias make wild and falseShow MoreRelatedReview Of Oedipus The King 1394 Words   |  6 PagesMotif in Oedipus the King Sophocles’ writing style in the play, Oedipus the King, offers incredible insight into the ways that authors utilize recurring symbols to create motif in their plays and writings. This particular play uses a blend of irony, wit, and metaphor to create a literary motif. Sophocles explores the literal aspects of sight and blindness, in the form of knowledge and oblivion. Through recurring symbols of sight and blindness, both literal and metaphorical, Sophocles creates a motifRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Creon s Oedipus The King 1180 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Character Analysis: Creon In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, a fatal curse is put upon the town of Thebes. Creon, current king and brother of Jocasta, gives the throne to Oedipus because he freed the city from the Sphinx. Creon is asked to seek help from Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis by Oedipus, his brother in law. Creon reveals to Oedipus that the only way to dismantle the curse is to discover who killed Laius, the former king of Thebes, and then to prosecuteRead More Character Analysis: The Personality of Oedipus Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles is used for both of these reasons. Sophocles wished to show that one cannot escape fate, yet did not want to cloud this issue with a possible coupe against his main character Oedipus. He also showed how, at times one character can act completely irrational, while one remains calm in the face of serious accusations. Creon is the brother of Iocaste, the Queen of Thebes, and was the brother-in-law to both King Laios and King Oedipus. When King Laios was regentRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He neverRead More Free Will in Oedipus the King Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesFree Will in Oedipus the King Oedipus the King by Sophocles is the story of a man who was destined to kill his father and marry his mother. The story continues in the tradition of classic Greek plays, which were based upon the Greeks’ beliefs at the time. The ancient Greeks believed that their gods decided what would ultimately happen to each and every person. Since those gods destined Oedipus to kill his father and marry his mother, Oedipus’ life was definitely fated. However, the gods onlyRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe play Oedipus Tyrannus, written by Sophocles, is one of the greatest renowned Greek drama tragedies. Have you ever heard the saying if you do not know your past, then it can come back to haunt you? This theme is played upon heavily though out the story to where it also becomes somewhat about self-discovery along the way. The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, based some of his book Poetics on Oedipus. According to Aristotle the definition of a tragic hero is a character that due to the wrongs of theirRead More Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus1369 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Throughout the years, there have been many interpretations of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus. However, one of the most interesting interpretations of the play would have to be one that uses the theories of Sigmund Freud to analyze the actions of the characters. The use of various aspects of Freudian theory such as the id, ego, superego, and the Oedipus Complex reveals Oedipus and his behaviors throughout the course of the play. InRead More Marxist Theory and Oedipus the King Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesMarxist Theory and Oedipus the King      Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles (Marx and Engels 2). This excerpt, taken from Karl Marxs and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto, explains the two primary classes found throughout most of Europe during the era of the Industrial Revolution. These classes were the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The former were known as the exploiters and the latter as the exploited. The wealth, power,Read MoreOedipus Key Passage Analysis1366 Words   |  6 PagesName: Simran Bhatia Key Passage Outline Title of the work: Oedipus Author: Sophocles Chapter: Scene 2 (Creon’s long part) Page number: 1000 Revelation of Theme Character Both State the theme: Creon is very power hungry, yet very intelligent. Why is this a key passage? I believe this was a key passage as it is revealed to the readers just how cunning Creon really is, taking advantageRead MoreOedipus, A Tragic Hero1648 Words   |  7 Pages Oedipus, a Tragic Hero Bob Livingston Liberty University â€Æ' Sophocles presented the world with Oedipus around 2500 years ago. Never-the-less, the story remains among the most riveting of all time. He was, in fact, a man that was driven by a very high internal moral standard. It was that internal moral standard that ultimately entwined him in a sequence of events and circumstances that placed him in the spousal relationship with his mother. Oedipus, in fact, can truly be regarded as a tragic

The Chinese Culture A Chinese-American Family Reunion Free Essays

My wife is originally from the southern part of China, so her family is a mixture of descendants of China and the Americans who have married into the family. A few years ago her family had a reunion to gather together and visit with one another, and I was invited to attend. While I had experienced some of the Chinese culture prior to the event, the reunion was the first time that I really got to observe the traditional culture in real life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese Culture: A Chinese-American Family Reunion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The event was a very elegant occasion, more like a banquet than the typical American family reunion. There was tons of food, most of which was Chinese, and even Chinese decorations. There were red lanterns strung around the room, all lit as the evening approached. They were very beautiful, but as it turns out they are not used for beauty. The lanterns symbolize good luck and hope. They are used every year in China at the Lantern Festival, when they line the streets to symbolize this same meaning. The color red also has significance in the Chinese culture. It is believed to be the color of luck. Some of the older family members spoke the Chinese language, which was interesting to witness, but most everyone spoke English. I am an American with family roots in Germany, so the two cultures are vastly different. The biggest difference I noticed was how much more reserved the Chinese people seemed to typical American families. Even the children, who were laughing and playing, seemed to be more respectful than American children. This aspect of the culture impacted me the most. I realized how different people are from different parts of the world, and especially those who live in America, but have been raised with traditional Chinese values. It amazes me how different cultures can vary so greatly. I enjoyed this learning experience with my wife’s family and I look forward to many more Chinese events in the future. References: Chinatown Connection, â€Å"Lantern Festival.† Chinatown Connection. n.d.. Chinatown Connection. 5 May 2008 http://www.chinatownconnection.com/lantern-festival.htm. Lee, Danile. â€Å"Chinese People Lifestyle.† Chinatown Connection. n.d.. Chinatown Connection. 5 May 2008 http://www.chinatownconnection.com/chinese-people-lifestyle.htm. How to cite The Chinese Culture: A Chinese-American Family Reunion, Essay examples

Navratri Essay Example

Navratri Essay The Hindu Festival, Navratri, Nava meaning nine, and Ratri meaning nights, is typically observed in the fall between the months of September and October, although specific dates are determined in accordance to the lunar calendar and can vary each year. In some parts of India, a Navaratri festival is celebrated in the spring as well as the fall (Fuller) and is a nine night, ten day festival, in which the Mother Goddess and her various forms are celebrated each day (HEB). During these nine nights and ten days, nine forms of Shakti/Devi are worshipped, [and are said to] signify various traits that the goddess influences us with† (Navratri). This festival is observed in most parts of India, particularly in northern India, eastern and western India, although the nine Devis worshipped during this time period depend on the tradition of the region in which the festival is being celebrated (Navratri). Consequently, within each region various styles of the Navratri Festival are practiced and ritualized (Sivananda). However, the central, unifying goal of this observance is to â€Å"propitiate Shakti, the Goddess in Her aspect as Power, to bestow upon man all wealth, auspiciousness, prosperity, knowledge, †¦ and all other potent powers† (Sivananda). Navaratri celebrates the defeat of the buffalo-demon Mahisasura/Mahishasura by the Great Goddess, Devi or Shakti. In this myth, Mahisasura had preformed severe penances in order to win the favor of the deity Brahma. In doing so, he was granted the blessing of invincibility against all males (HEB). Viewing women as a non-threat, Mahisasura saw himself as immortal and so began to wreak havoc in the heavens and on earth (HEB). â€Å"Mahisasura soon ousted the gods from the heavens and [had begun] to destroy the order of the universe† (Fuller). After humiliating defeats by Mahisasura, the supreme gods, Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, decided to pool their powers together to create a being powerful enough to stop Mahisasura, the goddess Durga. Armed with the powers of the three Gods, weapons from for each of her ten arms, as well as a lion to ride upon into battle, Durga was able to slain Mahisasura (Mahishasura). We will write a custom essay sample on Navratri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Navratri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Navratri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the end of a tremendous struggle in which the demon’s army was defeatd, the goddess was able to spear Mahisasura with her trident and cut off his head (Fuller), restoring the cosmic order. During the nine days of celebration, the repeated recitation of mantras are said to be of great benefit to the devotee (Clothey). â€Å"These prayers are offered for the protection of health and prosperity, Navratri is traditionally an auspicious and religious time for starting new ventures† (Navratri). In north India, Navratri is celebrated by fasting for all nine days, while worshiping all nine forms Durga (Navratri). In the state of West Bengal in east India, the last four days of the autumnal Navratri take on a particularly dramatic form with the delicately crafted and decorated creations of life-size clay idols of the deity Durga slaying Mahisasura. In the state of Gujarat, located in east India, Navratri is celebrated with the famous Garba/Garbha dance (Navratri). Garbha is performed mainly by women, who in cadence to pulsating rhythm of music and clapping, â€Å"[exhibit stunning performances] around a traditionally decorated terracotta pot called the Garbi. This centerpiece has a small Diya (lamp) burning within, signifying knowledge, or the light meant to dissipate the ignorance, or darkness, within† (Navratri Festival). Customarily, in the Garbha dance form, the leader begins to dance in rhythm with the first line of the song. Dancers who were once swaying gracefully with their arms to the metrical beating and clapping then begin to follow and commence dancing. (Navratri Festival). However, not all deeply rooted customs and myths are able to maintain their traditional counterparts. Today, dances like the Garba are highly commercialized to the point that the original, customary dance is being substituted with much less traditional rhythms and sounds. Throughout India, in all locations, Navratri is divided into sets of three days in order to adore the three different aspects of the supreme god or goddess. (Navratri) On the first of the three days, the goddess of valor, Durga is recognized. (Navratri Festival). During this time Durga, also know as Kali, is invoked to destroy all of one’s impurities (Navratri). During the next three days, Lakshmi, Goddess of Wealth, is then called upon to bestow her gifts upon her devotees. The final three days are held in celebration of Saraswati, Goddess of Wisdom, to bestow all around success upon her worshipers. (Navratri) During each of the nine days of worship in the Navratri Festival, specific proceedings and ceremonies must be performed in the Temple to properly display and pay homage to Durga in her defeat of the immensely powerful demon Mahisasura. In the article, â€Å"The Navaratri Festival in Madurai,† the authors, Fuller and Logan, illustrate the many celebratory rituals, their meanings, and the timing of the customs preformed by the temple priests of Madurai. The in-depth detail provided concerning the daily rituals within Madurai’s temples and that of the home, (Fuller) represent the complexity and varied practices among not only across the far reaches of India, but even within same city blocks. Superficially, the nine-day celebration of Navratri in worship of Devi is one of triumph and elation in the victorious struggle to defeat Mahishasura and his army and restore order to the universe. However, according to the author Sivananda, Navratri is more than the celebration of a myth, but is also a representation of a practical truth. â€Å"In its cosmic aspect, it epitomizes the stages of the evolution of man into God, from Jivahood (the state of individualization) to Shivahood (the state of Self-realization)†¦ it shows the course that his spiritual practice should take† (Sivananda). The author then parallels the groupings of days and the goddesses they represent to demonstrate the significance of the Navratri Festival as a guide for its Hindu followers to recognize and achieve their eternal identity with the Supreme Spirit. Firstly, they must pray to the deity Durga, adored as a supreme power and force, to destroy all of one’s impurities and provide the ability to persevere in the struggle to root out any evil tendencies one might have. Secondly, in conjunction with Lakshmi, one can now acquire a wealth of positive attributes in place of the eliminated negative qualities. Finally the aspirant wishing to recognize their eternal identity can now be open to attain the light of true wisdom with the help of the goddess Saraswati, giving full knowledge of the self. This breakdown and analysis of the various events by the author, Sivananda, allows for greater understanding and meaning of the significance of Navratri. Sirananda provides an analysis of the festival that would be relevant to the common Hindu worshiper. Sirananda’s descriptions compliment the popular press’s coverage of Navratri and demonstrate that there is religious backing to the popular celebrations undertaken during the festival. These groupings parallel the idea that spiritual evolution is not made simply and quickly, and that it is a process of purification and acquisition. With each evil quality that is purged, a virtuous opposite must be the replacement, at which point, when all of one’s impurities are no longer present and supreme wisdom has befallen the seeker, only then can he or she achieve stability in an ever-changing and cyclical world.